Aldactone

Generic and Brand Names

Aldactone is the brand name for the generic drug spironolactone, which is a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist.

Therapeutic Indications

Aldactone is indicated for the management of primary hyperaldosteronism, edematous conditions in patients with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and the nephrotic syndrome, the treatment of hypertension, and for the diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism.

Pharmacological Mechanism

Spironolactone binds to aldosterone receptors in the renal tubules, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Aldactone is available in oral tablets of 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg.

Dosing Information

The dose of Aldactone varies based on the condition being treated, patient response, and tolerance. The typical starting dose may range from 25 mg to 100 mg daily, with adjustments made based on clinical response and side effects.

Administration Guidance

Aldactone tablets should be taken orally, with or without food. Consistent intake with regard to meals is recommended to maintain steady drug levels in the body.

Drug Interactions

Aldactone can interact with other medications such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, NSAIDs, other diuretics, digoxin, and lithium. It may also interact with supplements that contain potassium.

Primary Hyperaldosteronism Dosage

For the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism, Aldactone may be administered in doses ranging from 100 mg to 400 mg daily when surgery is not an appropriate option.

Edema Management Dosage

In managing edema, an initial daily dose of 100 mg of Aldactone may be recommended, which may be adjusted based on response. Sometimes doses of up to 200 mg might be prescribed.

Hypertension Treatment Dosage

For treating hypertension, a lower starting dose of 25 mg to 50 mg daily is often used, with adjustments made depending on blood pressure response.

Use in Renal Impairment

In patients with renal impairment, careful monitoring of kidney function and electrolytes is necessary, and dosage adjustments may be required.

Monitoring Parameters

Monitoring should include blood pressure, electrolyte levels, renal function, and fluid status regularly throughout treatment.

Adverse Effects Profile

Possible adverse effects of Aldactone include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, gynecomastia in males, menstrual irregularities, gastrointestinal disturbances, and dizziness.

Special Populations Consideration

Spironolactone should be used with caution in pregnant women, nursing mothers, and pediatric patients, as safety and efficacy have not been well established in these populations.

Storage and Stability

Aldactone should be stored at room temperature, away from excessive heat and moisture, and kept in its original packaging.

Disposal Instructions

Unused or expired Aldactone should be disposed of properly to avoid potential harm to others and to the environment, adhering to local disposal regulations.

Patient Counseling Information

Patients should be informed about the risk of hyperkalemia and advised regarding signs and symptoms. They should also be counseled on the importance of not using potassium supplements or salt substitutes containing potassium without medical advice.

Dietary Considerations

Patients may need to adjust their dietary intake of potassium-rich foods based on their serum potassium levels and the advice of their healthcare provider.