Atarax

Generic and Brand Names

Atarax is the brand name for the generic medication hydroxyzine hydrochloride.

Drug Classification

Atarax falls under the classification of antihistamines with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative properties.

Indications for Use

Atarax is indicated for the management of pruritus caused by allergic conditions, and as an anxiolytic for the management of anxiety and tension. It is also used as a sedative to treat insomnia and to facilitate anesthesia.

Pharmacodynamics

Hydroxyzine, the active ingredient of Atarax, is an antagonist of the H1 receptor which effectively reduces the effects of histamine in the body, leading to relief from the symptoms of allergy and itching. Its sedative effects arise from its suppression of activity in key regions of the subcortical area of the central nervous system.

Pharmacokinetics

Atarax is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 2 hours. It is metabolized in the liver and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine, with a half-life of around 20-25 hours.

Dosage Forms

Atarax is available in the form of tablets, syrup, and injectable solution.

Routes of Administration

Atarax can be administered orally or intramuscularly.

Proper Use

Atarax should be taken with or without food. The dosage and frequency depend on the individual’s response to the drug and the condition being treated.

Dosage Adjustments

Dosage may be adjusted for individuals with impaired renal or hepatic function, and in elderly patients, a reduced dose is often necessary.

Side Effects

Potential side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and confusion. These effects may be amplified in cases of overdose or in sensitive populations such as the elderly.

Drug Interactions

Atarax may have additive effects with other CNS depressants, such as benzodiazepines, opioids, and alcohol. It may also interact with certain antihypertensive drugs, leading to increased sedation.

Cautions in Special Populations

Caution is advised in prescribing Atarax to pregnant women, especially during the first trimester, due to lack of sufficient studies on fetal safety. In nursing mothers, Atarax may be excreted in breast milk and could cause side effects in the infant.

Precautions with Other Medical Conditions

Patients with conditions such as narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, cardiac arrhythmia, or QT prolongation should use Atarax with caution.

Monitoring During Treatment

While using Atarax, monitoring for signs of CNS depression and anticholinergic effects is recommended. Liver and kidney function tests may be advised for long-term use.

Overdose Management

In case of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal may be considered within the first hour after ingestion.

Patient Counseling Information

Patients should be counseled on the risk of drowsiness, the importance of not engaging in activities requiring mental alertness, such as driving, and the potential for additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.

Storage and Handling

Atarax should be stored at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. It should be kept out of reach of children.

Disposal of Unused Medication

Unused or expired Atarax should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations to prevent accidental ingestion or environmental harm.